August 14

August 14 is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 139 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1183 – Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures and flee to western Japan to escape pursuit by the Minamoto clan. (Traditional Japanese date: Twenty-fifth Day of the Seventh Month of the Second Year of Juei).
• 1385 – Portuguese Crisis of 1383–1385: Battle of Aljubarrota – Portuguese forces commanded by King João I and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira defeat the Castilian army of King Juan I.
• 1592 – Imjin War: Battle of Hansando Admiral Yi Sun-sin decisively defeats the Japanese Navy at Hasan Island.
• 1598 – Nine Years War: Battle of the Yellow Ford – Irish forces under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, defeat an English expeditionary force under Henry Bagenal.
• 1816 – the United Kingdom formally annexed the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, ruling them from the Cape Colony in South Africa.
• 1842 – Indian Wars: Second Seminole War ends, with the Seminoles forced from Florida to Oklahoma.
• 1848 – Oregon Territory is organized by act of Congress.
• 1880 – Construction of Cologne Cathedral, the most famous landmark in Cologne, Germany, is completed.
• 1885 – Japan's first patent is issued to the inventor of a rust-proof paint.
• 1888 – An audio recording of English composer Arthur Sullivan's "The Lost Chord", one of the first recordings of music ever made, is played during a press conference introducing Thomas Edison's phonograph in London.
• 1893 – France becomes the first country to introduce motor vehicle registration.
• 1897 – Franco-Hova War: The town of Anosimena is captured by French troops from Menabe defenders in Madagascar.
• 1900 – The Eight-Nation Alliance occupies Beijing, in a campaign to end the bloody Boxer Rebellion in China.
• 1901 – The first claimed powered flight, by Gustave Whitehead in his Number 21.
• 1911 – United States Senate leaders agree to rotate the office of President pro tempore of the Senate among leading candidates to fill the vacancy left by William P. Frye's death.
• 1912 – United States Marines invade Nicaragua to support the U.S.-backed government installed there after José Santos Zelaya had resigned three years earlier.
• 1916 – Romania declares war on Austro-Hungary, joining the Entente in World War I
• 1921 – Tannu Tuva, later Tuvinian People's Republic is established as a completely independent country (which is supported by Soviet Russia).
• 1933 – Loggers cause a forest fire in the Coast Range of Oregon, later known as the first forest fire of the Tillamook Burn. It is extinguished on September 5, after destroying 240,000 acres (970 km²).
• 1935 – United States Social Security Act passes, creating a government pension system for the retired.
• 1936 – Rainey Bethea is hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky in the last public execution in the United States.
• 1937 – Chinese Air Force Day: The beginning of air-to-air combat of the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II in general, when 6 Imperial Japanese Mitsubishi G3M bombers are shot down by the Nationalist Chinese Air Force while raiding Chinese air bases.
• 1941 – World War II – Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt sign the Atlantic Charter of war stating postwar aims.
• 1945 – Japan accepts the Allied terms of surrender in World War II and the Emperor records the Imperial Rescript on Surrender (August 15 in Japan standard time).
• 1947 – Pakistan gains Independence from the British Empire and joins the Commonwealth of Nations.
• 1959 – Founding and first official meeting of the American Football League.
• 1967 – UK Marine Broadcasting Offences Act declares participation in offshore pirate radio illegal.
• 1969 – Operation Banner: British troops are deployed in Northern Ireland.
• 1972 – An East German Ilyushin Il-62 crashes during takeoff from East Berlin, killing 156.
• 1973 – The Pakistani Constitution of 1973 comes into effect.
• 1974 – The second Turkish invasion of Cyprus begins; 140,000 to 200,000 Greek Cypriots become refugees. Elsewhere, 126 Turkish Cypriots are massacred.
• 1980 – Lech Wałęsa leads strikes at the Gdańsk, Poland shipyards.
• 1987 – All the children held at Kia Lama, a rural property on Lake Eildon, Australia, run by the Santiniketan Park Association, are released after a police raid.
• 1994 – Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, also known as "Carlos the Jackal," is captured.
• 1996 – Greek Cypriot refugee Solomos Solomou is murdered by Turkish forces while trying to climb a flagpole in order to remove a Turkish flag from its mast in the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus.
• 2003 – Widescale power blackout in the northeast United States and Canada.
• 2006 – Chencholai bombing in which 61 Tamil girls are killed in Sri Lankan Airforce bombing.
• 2007 – The 2007 Kahtaniya bombings kills at least 796 people.
• 2010 – The first-ever Youth Olympic Games are held in Singapore.

Births

• 1297 – Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Japan (d. 1348)
• 1473 – Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, Duke of Clarence (d. 1541)
• 1479 – Princess Catherine of York (d. 1527)
• 1575 – Robert Hayman, English-born poet (d. 1629)
• 1586 – William Hutchinson, Rhode Island colonist (d. 1642)
• 1599 – Méric Casaubon, English classical scholar (d. 1671)
• 1625 – François de Harlay de Champvallon, Archbishop of Paris (d. 1695)
• 1642 – Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1723)
• 1653 – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English statesman (d. 1688)
• 1688 – Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia (d. 1740)
• 1714 – Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (d. 1789)
• 1727 – Princess Marie Louise Élisabeth of France, daughter of king Louis XV (d. 1759)
• 1727 – Princess Anne Henriette of France, daughter of king Louis XV (d. 1752)
• 1740 – Pope Pius VII (d. 1823)
• 1758 – Antoine Charles Horace Vernet, French painter (d. 1835)
• 1777 – Francis I of the Two Sicilies (d. 1830)
• 1777 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish physicist (d. 1851)
• 1817 – Alexander H. Bailey, American politician (d. 1874)
• 1840 – Richard von Krafft-Ebing, German psychologist (d. 1902)
• 1847 – Robert Comtesse, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1922)
• 1851 – Yannoulis Chalepas, Greek sculptor (d. 1938)
• 1851 – Doc Holliday, American gambler and dentist (d. 1887)
• 1857 – Max Wagenknecht, German composer (d. 1922)
• 1863 – Ernest Thayer, American poet (d. 1940)
• 1865 – Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician (d. 1952)
• 1866 – Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin, Belgian mathematician (d. 1962)
• 1867 – John Galsworthy, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1933)
• 1867 – Cupid Childs, American baseball player (d. 1912)
• 1871 – Guangxu Emperor, Qing Emperor of China (d. 1908)
• 1876 – Aleksandar Obrenović, King of Serbia (d. 1903)
• 1881 – Francis Ford, American actor (d. 1953)
• 1882 – Gisela Richter, British-born art historian (d. 1972)
• 1892 – Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, English composer and pianist (d. 1988)
• 1893 – Francis Dvornik, Czech historian (d. 1975)
• 1895 – Jack Gregory, Australian cricketer (d. 1973)
• 1901 – Alice Rivaz, Swiss writer (d. 1998)
• 1908 – Manos Katrakis, Greek actor (d. 1984)
• 1910 – Pierre Schaeffer, French composer (d. 1995)
• 1910 – Willy Ronis, French photographer (d. 2009)
• 1913 – Paul Dean, American baseball player (d. 1981)
• 1915 – B.A. Santamaria, Australian political activist and journalist (d. 1998)
• 1916 – Fumio Fujimura, Japanese baseball player (d. 1992)
• 1916 – Wellington Mara, Co-Owner of the New York Giants (d. 2005)
• 1923 – Diodoros, Greek Patriarch of Jerusalem (d. 2000)
• 1924 – Georges Prêtre, French conductor
• 1924 – Holger Juul Hansen, Danish actor
• 1924 – Sverre Fehn, Norwegian architect (d. 2009)
• 1924 – Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, 16th Karmapa Lama, Tibetan religious figure (d. 1981)
• 1925 – Russell Baker, American columnist
• 1926 – Alice Ghostley, American actress (d. 2007)
• 1926 – Buddy Greco, American singer and pianist
• 1926 – René Goscinny, French comic-strip author (d. 1977)
• 1926 – Lina Wertmüller, Italian film director
• 1929 – Dick Tiger, Nigerian boxer (d. 1971)
• 1930 – Earl Weaver, American baseball manager
• 1932 – Lee Hoffman, American author (d. 2007)
• 1933 – Richard R. Ernst, Swiss chemist and Nobel Prize Laureate
• 1935 – John Brodie, American football player
• 1936 – Trevor Bannister, British actor (d. 2011)
• 1940 – Dash Crofts, American musician
• 1940 – Galen Hall, American football coach
• 1941 – Lynne Cheney, American political figure
• 1941 – David Crosby, American musician
• 1941 – Connie Smith, American singer
• 1942 – Jackie Oliver, British Formula One driver
• 1942 – Lionel Morton, musician and television presenter
• 1945 – Steve Martin, American actor and comedian
• 1945 – Wim Wenders, German-born film director
• 1946 – Antonio Fargas, American actor
• 1946 – Susan Saint James, American actress
• 1946 – Larry Graham, American musician
• 1947 – Peter Christian, British actor
• 1947 – Bruce Nash, American television producer
• 1947 – Maddy Prior, British folk singer
• 1947 – Danielle Steel, American novelist
• 1947 – Jiro Taniguchi, Japanese manga artist
• 1948 – Terry Adams, American musician (NRBQ)
• 1949 – Bob Backlund, American wrestler
• 1949 – Morten Olsen, Danish footballer
• 1950 – Gary Larson, American cartoonist (The Far Side)
• 1951 – Peter Blegvad, American musician (Slapp Happy)
• 1951 – Slim Dunlap, American guitarist and singer-songwriter
• 1951 – Norbert Hofmann, German footballer
• 1952 – Carl Lumbly, American actor
• 1952 – Debbie Meyer, American swimmer
• 1953 – James Horner, American composer
• 1953 – Cliff Johnson, American computer game author
• 1954 – Mark Fidrych, American baseball player (d. 2009)
• 1954 – Stanley McChrystal, American general
• 1956 – Jackée Harry, American actress
• 1956 – Andy King, English footballer
• 1956 – Johnny Lever, Indian actor
• 1956 – Rusty Wallace, American race car driver
• 1957 – Peter Costello, Australian politician
• 1957 – Gino Hernandez, American professional wrestler (d. 1986)
• 1958 – Bobby Eaton, American professional wrestler
• 1959 – Marcia Gay Harden, American actress
• 1959 – Magic Johnson, American basketball player
• 1959 – Frank Brickowski, American basketball player
• 1960 – Fred Roberts, Basketball player
• 1960 – Sarah Brightman, British soprano
• 1960 – Sharon Bryant, American R&B singer
• 1960 – Cecilia Gasdia, Italian soprano
• 1961 – Susan Olsen, American actress
• 1961 – "Hot Stuff" Eddie Gilbert, American wrestler (d. 1995)
• 1962 – Mark Gubicza, American baseball player
• 1962 – Rameez Raja, Pakistani cricketer
• 1964 – Neal Anderson, American football player
• 1965 – Emmanuelle Béart, French actress
• 1965 – Mark Collins, English guitarist
• 1965 – Brannon Braga, writer and executive producer of 24, Star Trek, and FlashForward
• 1966 – Halle Berry, American actress
• 1966 – Karl Petter Løken, Norwegian footballer
• 1967 – Erik Gandini, Italian-Swedish director
• 1968 – Catherine Bell, American actress
• 1968 – Darren Clarke, Northern Irish golfer
• 1968 – Adrian Lester, British actor
• 1968 – Billy Mavreas, Greek-Canadian cartoonist
• 1968 – Pravin Amre, Indian cricketer
• 1969 – Tracy Caldwell, American astronaut
• 1969 – DJ Uncle Al, American hip-hop DJ (d. 2001)
• 1969 – Stig Tøfting, Danish footballer
• 1970 – Kevin Cadogan, guitarist and songwriter
• 1971 – Raoul Bova, Italian actor
• 1971 – Mark Loretta, American baseball player
• 1971 – Pramodya Wickramasinghe, Sri Lankan cricketer
• 1972 – Jay Manuel, Canadian make-up artist
• 1972 – Yu Jae-seok, South Korean entertainer
• 1973 – Jared Borgetti, Mexican footballer
• 1973 – Daisuke Ishiwatari, Japanese game developer and composer
• 1973 – Jay-Jay Okocha, Nigerian footballer
• 1973 – Kieren Perkins, Australian swimmer
• 1974 – Chucky Atkins, American basketball player
• 1974 – Martin Bulloch, Scottish musician (Mogwai)
• 1974 – Christopher Gorham, American actor
• 1974 – Ana Matronic, American singer (Scissor Sisters)
• 1975 – Mike Vrabel, American football player
• 1976 – Alex Albrecht, American actor
• 1976 – Maya Nasri, Lebanese actress and singer
• 1976 – Steve Braun, Canadian actor
• 1977 – Elisavet Mystakidou, Greek taekwondo practitioner and Olympic medalist
• 1977 – Ed Harcourt, UK singer, songwriter
• 1977 – Juan Pierre, American baseball player
• 1978 – Anastasios Kyriakos, Greek footballer
• 1978 – Kate Ritchie, Australian actress
• 1978 – Greg Rawlinson, New Zealand All Black rugby player
• 1979 – Paul Burgess, Australian athlete
• 1979 – Yoichiro Morikawa, Japanese film director
• 1980 – Estrella Morente, Spanish flamenco singer
• 1980 – Roy Williams, American football player
• 1981 – Earl Barron, American basketball player
• 1981 – Matthew Etherington, English footballer
• 1981 – Julius Jones, American football player
• 1981 – Kofi Kingston, Ghanaian professional wrestler
• 1983 – Elena Baltacha, Ukrainian/British tennis player
• 1983 – Mila Kunis, Ukrainian/American actress
• 1983 – Leo Núñez, Dominican baseball player
• 1983 – Spencer Pratt,American socialite
• 1984 – Clay Buchholz, American baseball player
• 1984 – Josh Gorges, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Nick Grimshaw, British radio DJ and television presenter
• 1984 – Robin Söderling, Swedish tennis player
• 1984 – Giorgio Chiellini, Italian footballer
• 1985 – Christian Gentner, German footballer
• 1985 – Shea Weber, Canadian hockey player
• 1985 – Digão, Brazilian footballer
• 1986 – Terin Humphrey, American gymnast
• 1986 – Cameron Jerome, English footballer
• 1987 – James Buckley, English actor
• 1987 – Tim Tebow, American football player and winner of 2007 Heisman trophy
• 1987 – Chrystina Sayers, American singer and dancer (Girlicious)
• 1988 – Shahd Barmada, Syrian singer
• 1989 – Kyle Turris, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1990 – Jaydee Bixby, Canadian singer

Deaths

• 582 – Tiberius II Constantine
• 1040 – Duncan I of Scotland
• 1167 – Rainald of Dassel, Archbishop of Cologne
• 1204 – Minamoto no Yoriie, Japanese shogun (b. 1182)
• 1390 – John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, English soldier (b. 1364)
• 1430 – Philip I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1404)
• 1433 – King John I of Portugal (b. 1357)
• 1464 – Pope Pius II (b. 1405)
• 1573 – Saitō Tatsuoki, Japanese warlord (b. 1548)
• 1691 – Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel, Irish rebel (b. 1630)
• 1704 – Roland Laporte, French Protestant leader (b. 1675)
• 1727 – William Croft, English composer (b. 1678)
• 1774 – Johann Jakob Reiske, German physician (b. 1716)
• 1784 – Nathaniel Hone, Irish-born painter (b. 1718)
• 1856 – Constant Prévost, French geologist (b. 1787)
• 1860 – André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist (b. 1774)
• 1870 – David Farragut, American officer of the United States Navy (b. 1801)
• 1874 – Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, American politician (b. 1821)
• 1905 – Simeon Solomon, British artist (b. 1840)
• 1909 – William Stanley, American inventor and engineer (b. 1829)
• 1928 – Alfred Henschke, German writer, poet (b. 1890)
• 1926 – John H. Moffitt, American politician (b. 1843)
• 1938 – Hugh Trumble, Australian cricketer (b. 1876)
• 1941 – Paul Sabatier, French chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1854)
• 1941 – Saint Maximilian Kolbe, Polish martyr (b. 1894)
• 1943 – Joe Kelley, American baseball player (b. 1871)
• 1943 – Lore Berger, Swiss writer (b. 1921)
• 1951 – William Randolph Hearst, American newspaper magnate (b. 1863)
• 1954 – Nikos Ploumpidis, Greek resistance figure (b. 1901)
• 1955 – Herbert Putnam, American librarian (b. 1861)
• 1956 – Bertolt Brecht, German writer (b. 1898)
• 1958 – Frédéric Joliot, French physicist, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1900)
• 1958 – Konstantin von Neurath, German diplomat (b. 1873)
• 1964 – Johnny Burnette, American Rockabilly singer (b. 1934)
• 1965 – Vello Kaaristo, Estonian cross-country skier (b. 1911)
• 1966 – Tip Snooke, South African cricketer (b. 1881)
• 1967 – Bob Anderson, British racing driver (b. 1931)
• 1972 – Oscar Levant, American actor (b. 1906)
• 1972 – Jules Romains, French author (b. 1885)
• 1978 – Nicolas Bentley, British writer (b. 1907)
• 1980 – Dorothy Stratten, Canadian actress and model (b. 1960)
• 1981 – Karl Böhm, Austrian conductor (b. 1894)
• 1981 – Dudley Nourse, South African cricketer (b. 1910)
• 1982 – Patrick Magee, Irish actor (b. 1922)
• 1984 – Spud Davis, American baseball player (b. 1904)
• 1984 – J. B. Priestley, British playwright (b. 1894)
• 1985 – Gale Sondergaard, American actress (b. 1899)
• 1988 – Roy Buchanan, American guitarist (b. 1939)
• 1988 – Robert Calvert, South African singer (Hawkwind) (b. 1945)
• 1988 – Enzo Ferrari, Italian car maker (b. 1898)
• 1989 – Ricky Berry, American basketball player (b. 1964)
• 1991 – Alberto Crespo, Argentine racing driver (b. 1920)
• 1992 – John Sirica, American judge (b. 1904)
• 1992 – Tony Williams, American singer (The Platters) (b. 1928)
• 1994 – Elias Canetti, British-born Austrian novelist (b. 1905)
• 1996 – Tom Mees, American sportscaster (b. 1949)
• 1996 – Solomos Solomou, Greek Cypriot refugee (murdered) (b. 1970)
• 1999 – Pee Wee Reese, American baseball player (b. 1918)
• 2000 – Alain Fournier, French-born computer graphics researcher (b. 1943)
• 2000 – Cuan McCarthy, South African cricketer (b. 1929)
• 2001 – Earl Anthony, professional bowler (b. 1938)
• 2002 – Dave Williams, American singer (Drowning Pool) (b. 1972)
• 2003 – Helmut Rahn, German footballer (b. 1929)
• 2004 – Czesław Miłosz, Polish-born writer, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1911)
• 2004 – Trevor Skeet, New Zealand-born British politician (b. 1918)
• 2005 – Coo Coo Marlin, American race car driver (b. 1932)
• 2006 – Bruno Kirby, American actor (b. 1949)
• 2007 – Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer (b. 1913)
• 2007 – Pinchas Goldstein, Israeli politician (b. 1939)
• 2007 – Kotozakura Masakatsu, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 53rd Yokozuna (b. 1940)
• 2010 – Rallis Kopsidis, Greek writer (b. 1929)
• 2010 – Herman Leonard, American photographer (b. 1923)
• 2010 – Tahar Wattar, Algerian novelist (b. 1936)
• 2011 – Shammi Kapoor, Indian actor and director (b. 1931)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Maximilian Kolbe
  • August 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Independence Day, celebrates the day on which Pakistan was made an independent country based on border lines created by the British during the end of their rule of India in 1947. (Pakistan)
• Pramuka Day (Indonesia)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada